奋斗

近日，北京大学国家发展研究院副院长张丹丹被卷上风口浪尖。起因是她在一档网络谈话节目中，谈及灵活就业群体时称，“从劳动经济学角度看，灵活性本身就是一种福利。他们不像我们朝九晚五固定上班，虽然我们的工作有五险一金等保障，但那是用时间与自由换来的”……此言一出，质疑声四起。

B |     The timing of the London visit by Taipei’s trade negotiator John Deng was important, says Dr. Victor Teo, political scientist specializing in international relations in the Asia-Pacific, because if China were to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) before the island, “it would mean the certain exclusion of Taiwan from this trade body in the future.”,After the reported trade talks in London on 16 June, Beijing, whose official policy envisions a peaceful unification of Taiwan with Mainland China, was quick to reiterate its stance.,“Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, it is not a country, which is universally recognized by the international community,” a Chinese diplomatic spokesperson was cited by Politico as saying.,The UK Trade Department stopped short of offering any clarifications, while confirming the meeting of its officials with Deng.,The British side was governed by “political and economic interests” when it opted to risk igniting China’s wrath, suggests Dr. Victor Teo.,The trade talks between the UK and Taiwan may also reflect a “change in UK’s policy toward Taiwan as a result of changes in its China policy,” notes Dr. Zhang Baohui, director of the Center for Asian Pacific Studies at Lingnan University in Hong Kong.,“The US led this trend by comprehensively upgrading its relations with Taipei since the Trump administration,” says Baohui, adding that Britain tended to tread with caution in its relations with Taiwan in the past. However, now the UK is “adjusting its China policy.”,The clash over Hong Kong, according to Dr. Zhang Baohui, “significantly enhanced their differences and mutual strategic mistrust.”,“For example, it sent an aircraft carrier to the South China Sea last summer, very much to the disliking of Beijing. The UK also formed a new trilateral security mechanism with Australia and the US last year while not naming China as its target. The UK's trade talk with Taiwan could be consistent with this new trend,” he said.,Beijing's reaction to any improper statement such as challenging Taiwan as an inseparable part of China can be expected, insisted Dr. Chang Ching, research fellow at the Taiwan-based Society for Strategic Studies.,However, the British government has a clear policy towards the sensitive One-China issue, the prominent military expert on the People's Liberation Army and regional security in Taiwan noted.,China Urges US to ‘Revoke Arms Sales Plan’ With Taiwan on News of $120 Million Deal for Ship Parts9 June, 20:46 GMT,“In the aspect of trade and commerce, any discussion with representatives from Taipei regarding the participation in the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership trading arrangement does not violate the One-China principle kept by Her Majesty's government. Nonetheless, it is originated by a media report and cannot be fully verified as the British official position,” he stated.,Dr. Chang Ching advised against defining such a statement as a “policy shift” within British government diplomacy.,US Provokes China in New Row Over Taiwan17 June, 09:14 GMT,‘Trade With China’ Factor,Regarding the regional fallout from a possible row between the UK and China over Taiwan, it is too early to predict the consequences, according to Dr. Zhang Baohui.,Underscoring that unlike Sino-US relations, Britain and China are not “strategic competitors,” he clarified:,“The UK has already boosted its presence in the region by its new trilateral security pact with Australia and the United States. It has also enhanced defense cooperation with Japan, by jointly developing the next generation jet fighter. However, Britain should have less incentives, compared to the US to have a contentious relationship with China.”,Sino-British relations should not have a major impact on the region in the foreseeable future, Dr. Zhang Baohui concluded.,Any spat over Taiwan would boost tensions in UK-China relations and West-China relations, Dr. Victor Teo suggested, but underscored the “declining economic circumstances” currently being faced by many countries. Accordingly, trade with China would likely become more important, according to him.,“As most Western countries have agreed on the 'One China Principle', it is hard to see how they can persist in promoting Taiwan’s interests steadfastly at the expense of their relationship with China,” Dr. Victor Teo said.,A row between London and Beijing would not affect anything in the region at all, Dr. Chang Ching asserted, adding:,“After all, Beijing is very near and London is too remote."。质疑者认为她站着说话不腰疼，“把没有选择说成了自由”，甚至建议她主动去享受一下灵活就业的“福利”。应该说，学者的个别言辞一旦以“金句”姿态进入大众语境，尤其是开放的舆论场，是极易被放大乃至被误读的。

C | 因为学者的学术研究本身比较专业，与观点的大众传播实际上是两个不同的“场域”，经常会产生“摩擦”。

D | 具体到张丹丹的言论，单独拿出来看，确实刺耳，不那么中听。诚然，许多灵活就业者即便享有了时间上的灵活性，也依然缺乏足够的安全感；更何况，这种“灵活”对相当一部分人来说并非主动选择，而是别无选择的被动接纳。

E | 基于此，张丹丹的话受到网友质疑，并不意外。但是，看完完整视频就会知道，张丹丹在对话中也谈到了一个事实，“（灵活就业群体）有些人是主动选择灵活就业；有些人则是没得选，因为找不到一份带有劳动合同、五险一金的稳定工作。”此外，她坦言：“零工群体的收入差异很大，有上万的，也有几千甚至几百的，他们有相当大的自由发挥空间，收入情况很不一样。

F | ”其实，只要稍微了解张丹丹的学术轨迹，特别是她十余年来的研究视野，就不难发现，她长期关注基层劳动者，致力于为灵活就业者和新就业形态群体发声。比如，她曾研究“零工、平台用工与AI时代劳动市场”。打开北大国发研究院官网，可发现她撰写的《零工就业，如何在灵活与保障之间寻求新平衡》，其中建议：可探索“非捆绑式”参保方案，允许零工按需选择医疗、工伤等单项保险，而非强制缴纳五险一金；对高流动群体适当放宽参保基数或缴费门槛，并进一步推动跨区域缴费和接续，减少重复缴纳或因频繁换工作、换城市而出现的“社保断档”现象。

G | 张丹丹接受采访时表示，以骑手这一群体来说的话，是否可以根据不同的收入水平调整社保缴纳的比例或给予补贴；也可考虑适当降低缴费基数，优先覆盖骑手群体最迫切的保障需求。如此种种，都说明张丹丹长期以来都是在为灵活就业群体争取权益的，更无轻视新就业形态群体之意。如果只揪住一句被剪出的话不放，未必客观，也不全面。对张丹丹可以批评，但不宜演变为对个人的“围剿”；学者的表达可以商榷，但其长期的学术付出不应被一句“金句”抹杀。如何让算法有温度、让协商有通道、让劳动者靠双手赢得体面与尊严，这些更是此番争议背后，更值得大家共同求解的真问题。近年来，国家高度重视灵活就业劳动者的权益保障。从健全灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员社会保险制度，到鼓励支持灵活就业人员、新就业形态人员参加职工保险，再到新就业形态人员职业伤害保障试点全面推开……一系列制度设计稳步推进，目的正是让灵活就业人员和新就业形态人员获得更坚实保障。目前，我国灵活就业人员规模已超过2亿人，他们风里来、雨里去，用辛勤和汗水支撑着许多行业的发展进步。让每一位劳动者，无论“灵活”与否，都能在奋斗中看见保障的灯光，在奔波中感受尊严的重量，这应是大家要形成的共识。

H | 作者：秦川